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Gopalakrishna Bharathi

(1810 – 1896) – (Tamilnadu)

Gopalakrishna Bharathi (Aged 86) born on Born in 1810 was a Tamil poet and composer of Carnatic music. He composed the Kathakalakshepam Nandanar Charitram, two other works in this genre, and many independent critics. Bharathi was a contemporary of Thyagaraja, whom he is said to have met, and who asked him whether he had composed anything in the raga AbhOgi. Bharathi composed one of his most popular kritis, Sabhaapatikku veru, overnight in rUpaka tALa. The great Tamil literary figure, U. V. Swaminatha Iyer, wrote two sources for Bharati’s life: a biography of the composer and his own autobiography, which contains references to Bharathi, who was his guru in music.

Gopalakrishna Bharathi was born in Narimanam, near Nagapattinam, and spent his early days in Mudikondan, near Thiruvarur. A few years later, he moved to Anandathandavapuram village, near Mayavaram, where he lived almost his entire life. His father, grandfather, and great-grandfather were all veena exponents and scholars in Sanskrit.

The Nandanar Caritram is a Kathakalakshepam, a genre of religious storytelling with music that was popular in Tamil Nadu in the 19th and early 20th centuries before the advent of film, especially the talkies. The Nandanar Caritiram was based on the story of a paraiyar (dalit or “untouchable”), Nandanar, also known as Tirunalaippovar Nayanar. A great devotee of Siva, he yearned to visit Chidambaram, the greatest of Siva temples.

Bharati’s kathakalakshepams were so popular in Karaikal that several government officials would sleep at work after spending the whole night listening to his performances. Karaikal was then a French colony, and the official Cisse decided to conduct an inquiry into the reason behind the inefficiency of his employees. His investigations led him to conclude that the cause was, in fact, Bharathi. Curious, he decided to pay a visit personally to one of Bharathi’s concerts. Cisse was so impressed by Bharathi’s performance that he decided to help him publish his work as a book. Gopalakrishna Bharathi passed away by 1896.